Exploring Feminine And Feminine Sexuality - 1317 Words

Throughout the Gita Govinda, the sense of touch is used to explore feminine and masculine sexuality as well as attitudes surrounding the experience of sex from the perspective of the male and the female. These nuanced ideas can be seen clearly in Krishna’s overall experience of Radha in the narrative, which tends to be raw, physically sexual, and carnal, whereas as Radha’s experience of Krishna tends towards the loving, the caring, and the nurturing. Krishna’s sexual appeal draws from his behaviors and his ornamentation whereas Radha’s sexual appeal derives directly from her physicality. On the other hand, the Ramayana presents a very different paradigm of sexuality and male-female relationships, where both men and women are highly sexualized and noted for their attractive physical features, or lack thereof. Both Rama and Sita are sensually described throughout the text, heavily emphasizing the aspect of sexual touch. By juxtaposing these texts, we are abl e gain further insight into gender stereotypes and bias of ancient Indian civilization. In the excerpt from page 143 to 147, Krishna speaks to Radha in an attempt to win her back with his eloquent words. Throughout this speech, Krishna uses powerfully sexual language in describing his love for Radha. Perhaps most tellingly, Krishna eases her concerns by saying, â€Å"Don’t worry, frightened girl: given the size of your breasts and thighs, there’s certainly no room for anyone else in my heart but you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jayadeva 145) It isShow MoreRelatedModern Culture : The Japanese Manga A Sub Culture Based Around Graphic Novels1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn Japanese modern culture, patriarchal constructs rule everyday ideology of what it is to be feminine, how the female body should look, and appropriate female sexual behaviour. Representations (and expectations) of the female form and sexuality are well depicted in the Japanese manga: graphic novel artwork that is read ubiquitously throughout Japan. Exploration of this art-form and the culture that grows around it provides a unique insight into current cultural attitudes in Japan. Shojo manga -Read MoreGender Identity Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesmany people are trained to determine their gender by their biological sex. Some of the people that I have observed and written about would probably never have doubted their sexual orientation. Others have definitely examined their sexuality. Whether this sexuality is male or female is entirely up to them. This is their true sexual identity. Still others that I noticed have actually convinced themselves, whether it is true or false that their biological gender is not, their true gender. The peopleRead MoreEssay about Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue1575 Words   |  7 Pageswe cannot experience equal status in the community (Wolf, 189). Sexuality Sexuality is another issue that feminist Naomi Wolf explores in an effort to understand the prevalence of eating disorders among women. Fat is sexual in women. . . to ask women to become unnaturally thin is to ask them to relinquish their sexuality (Wolf, 193). Women who develop eating disorders, especially anorexia, are denying their sexuality and natural female body. Bordo (1993) explains this phenomena asRead MoreHigh School : Gender And Gender Identity1681 Words   |  7 PagesHigh school is a challenging thing to deal with especially if sexuality and gender identity are in the process. Students who are male or female are exploring in a smart and insightful ways. During C.J. Pascoe’s eighteen months of observation in a racially assorted high school, â€Å"Dude, You re a Fag† shows new light on masculinity both as a field of meaning and as a set of social practices. C. J. Pascoe s unusual approach questions masculinity as not only a gender process but also a sexual one. SheRead MoreThe Hunting Ground : An Exploration Of The Issues, Discourses, And Institutional Responses Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesHunting Ground, viewers witness an exploration of the issues, discourses, and institutional responses –or lack thereof- surrounding on-campus rape in American college and universities. Indeed, a large portion of the filmic tex t dedicates itself to exploring the overrepresentation of university athletes in perpetuating crimes of rape, sexual violence, and sexual assault against female students. Furthermore, the film seeks to delineate the ways via which university athletes are accorded an equal disproportionateRead MoreAnalysis Of Foucault And Queer Theory 1211 Words   |  5 PagesIn Foucault and Queer Theory Spargo defines queer theory as a nebulous group of cultural criticism and analysis of social power structures relating to sexuality . It is these power structures and aspects of culture that are responsible for the discourse that creates and informs ones understanding of gender, race, and sexuality. However these aspects of identity do not exist separately from one another, but are constructed in tandem throughout history. These layers of identity inform each otherRead MoreIdentity Is A Long Process Of Exploration And Discovery1506 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity in ourselves during our adolesc ent stage is to develop a clear sense of oneself and values (Schwartz, 3). This is an exploring process which is done through experiences and role playing in diverse settings. During the earlier development stages, we tend to explore our values, morals, spirituality, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexuality, and gender. While exploring different aspects of ourselves, we also have the need to conform to society in order to fit in. Identity development, accordingRead MoreThe Music Of Girl Group878 Words   |  4 Pagesinstruments shift more quickly than in the verses. There is a lush sounding classical ensemble and the minor key swiftly transitions into a major key allowing a sunnier side of the song to be present. The minor key is typically associated with a feminine sound: uneasy and emotional. The major key is a socially constructed interpretation of masculinity because it is more assertive sounding. At the beginning of the chorus the lyrics state, â€Å"don’t tell me w hat to do† and the music shifting into theRead MoreLanguage Is Always Evolving Without Exception1253 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges the boundaries of feminine stereotypes. This woman is always ahead of the game, whether it be in work, at school, or with family. She thrives on her resources and will never stop. She embodies a boss bitch. #Bossbitch was not an overnight sensation, but it was a reclamation developed over many decades. In the early 1990s a third wave feminism was formed to continue previous movements and activism of second wave feminism, which focused on reproductive rights, sexuality, and passing the EqualRead MoreSexual Identity And Gender Expression1399 Words   |  6 Pages‘heterosexual matrix’. She describes this as [A] hegemonic/epistemic model of gender intelligibility that assumes that for bodies to cohere and make sense there must be a stable sex expressed through a stable gender (masculine expresses discursive male, feminine expresses female) that is oppositionally and hierarchically defined through the compulsory practice of heterosexuality (Butler, 1990; 151). She proposes that one is born a particular sex, which in turn dictates one’s gender, which in turn determines

Childhood Memories - 2400 Words

Childhood is the most innocent phase of mans life. With the passage of time, it fades into adolescence and adulthood. Yet the sweet memories of childhood linger on. My childhood recollections are those of a sheltered and carefree life, nurtured with love and concern. As I was the first child in the family, everybody doted on me. My funny lisping, my innocent mischief and my inane talk-everything was a source of immense pleasure to them. There was never a word of reproach or censure against me. Once a distant uncle picked me up from my school and, without informing my parents, took me to a fair. When I returned home, it was quite late. I found everybody worried, anxious and apprehensive about my safety. A frantic search for me had†¦show more content†¦As one grows up, one feels more and more attached with hischildhood, the best period of a man’s life. A child has no worries, anxieties or worries.He is free from the dirty and filthy noise of worldly tensions. Same is the case with me. When I recollect the days of my childhood, I feel very much delighted; it was a pleasant period that I spent in high spirits. CHILDHOOD MEMORIES my childhood, I was carefree and had no worries at all. I used to wander like a deer in the open fields, enjoying the natural beauty in the pastures.There are certain incidents that are still fresh in my memory. Once a juggler with two monkeys came to our street. He showed monkey’s tricks which engaged our attention. The monkey fell in love with the she-monkey. She-monkey refused to marry the he-monkey. He-monkey went to his father in law’s house after wearing colorful dress. These were the pranks that attracted me. I fully appreciated the tricks shown by the juggler. Another incident, which I still remember, is the swimming experience. It was a Sunday when I, along with my friends, went for a picnic to Okhla. Some boys were expert swimmers but unluckily, I did not know how to swim. My friends dived into the river and compelled me to do the same. Soon, I was caught by the current of water and was carried away swiftly. There was every possibility of my losing life but du e to the valour of one of my friends, I was rescued from theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Childhood Memories1065 Words   |  5 Pagesis difficult, especially when the memory is from the person s childhood. If the child was under three years old then they will have child amnesia also known as infantile amnesia. Conversely at the age four years old and younger the children will not be able to hold the memories, making all of them forgotten. Jim has just learned that his memory of his parents winning the lottery was wrong, and there are many different reasons as to why his perception of the memory is wrong. For Jim, he could haveRead More My Childhood Memory Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesMy Childhood Memory It was the fourth grade. I always heard rumors and gossip about a certain teacher. This year, kids said to take any teacher except Mrs. Williams, the oral project teacher. Of course in elementary, we did not have a choice of which teacher to choose. Boy, I was shocked when I glanced at the window that had my schedule. Just by looking at that plain white piece of paper sticking on a safety-glass window, I knew it was going to be a bad year. The old, grouchy, strict, and meanRead MoreChildhood Memories And Its Effects On Our Lives1173 Words   |  5 PagesWe each have memories, both from long ago and recent times, that we hold dear to us. Memories get us through the hard days and keep us chipper in the good ones. The past is what makes us who we are. It shapes how we act, how we treat others, and simply just what we do on a day to day basis. Memories are the little things that keep this world running smoothly. Imagine what it would be like to lose those memories. What if you were to forget things to the point you were losing your functionality?Read MoreChildhood Trauma And Its Impact On Memory2617 Words   |  11 PagesMemory provides individuals with an understanding of who they are; allows one to remember or reflect on the past; consider ideas and execute skills in the present; and learn, strategize, and resolve issues based on prior knowledge and experiences. More importantly, memory is an essential cognitive ability which enables one to carry out executive functions. Skills such as planning, problem solving, reasoning, decision making, organization, and multi-tasking all rely on intact memory abilities. WithRead MoreMy Memories Of My Early Childhood Essay1903 Words   |  8 PagesMy earliest memory I remember as a child is around the age of two years old. My Mother would put me in the playpen but I refused to stay. I was able to climb out of it. I remembered my Mother’s face expression that let me know that I better not climb out of the playpen a gain. This was one of my earliest memories of her setting her boundaries. When I got older, my Mother told me about the situation. She needed to clean and/or cook so she had to put me in the playpen. At the age of two years old,Read MoreMy Memories Of Childhood Through The Present Day Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages1. â€Å"Reflect upon your own life from your earliest memories of childhood through the present day. Using the material you have learned in this class and your experiences with being a virtual parent, discuss 3 aspects of your development: social/emotional, cognitive, physical or your personality/temperament.† A) Social/Emotional: As I child I wasn’t the child that cries a lot or was whining. According to my mom I was always quite, and I didn’t have much interest in to cartoons. My mother also mentionedRead MoreMy Childhood Memories Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesFor the first two planes of my development, the majority of my memories are fighting with my parents and siblings. I have never really gotten along with my family and I don’t know why. I guess it’s because my mother’s and personalities are too similar and they clash.There have been lots of crucial things in my life that have made me into the person that I am today. Not all of them have been great, or something that I want to remember, but some are great and I never want to forget them. The fact thatRead MoreChildhood Amnesia and the Beginnings of Memory for Four Early Life Events1228 Words   |  5 Pagesreport memories dating from much before about three years of age. For the purpose of this a ssessment I have chosen the ‘Childhood Amnesia and the Beginnings of Memory for Four Early Life Events’ conducted by JoNell A. Usher and Ulric Neisser, published in 1993 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Therefore, in the following paragraphs I will outline the aim of the study, the methodology and the overall findings. The current research indicates that most of the early memories are ofRead MoreChildhood Memory And Attention As Predictors Of Academic Growth Trajectories1269 Words   |  6 PagesEarly Childhood Memory and Attention as Predictors of Academic Growth Trajectories Memory plays a very important role in our academic growth and improving our skills. The purpose of this paper is to review a study by Stipek Valentino (2015), which examines associations between attention and memory and academic skill development. Stipek Valentino (2015) used longitudinal data from the children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to measure how well attention and short-term and workingRead More Childhood Memories in My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke and Piano by D.H. Lawrence613 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Memories in My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke and Piano by D.H. Lawrence My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke and Piano by D.H. Lawrence are two poems in which grown men recall memories of their childhood. My Papas Waltz has a quietly sad, almost resigned tone as Roethke relives his nightly dances with his father as a young boy. Lawrences Piano is somewhat dreamy as a man is taken back by a song to his childhood. While both are presented to us through similar personas

Untitled Essay Research Paper Fiction Fantasy and free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper Fiction, Fantasy, and Fact: The Mad Scramble for the Elusive Silver Bullet. . . and the Clock Ticks Away. Wayne Anderson November 7, 1996 The twelvemonth 2000 is practically around the corner, assuring a new epoch of illustriousness and admiration. . . every bit long as you don # 8217 ; t have a computing machine or work with one. The twelvemonth 2000 is conveying a Pandora # 8217 ; s Box of gifts to the computing machine universe, and the latch is easy coming undone. The twelvemonth 2000 bug is non truly a bug or virus, but is more a computing machine industry error. Many of the PC # 8217 ; s, mainframes, and package out there are non designed or programmed to calculate a future twelvemonth stoping in dual nothing. This is traveling to be a dearly-won hole for the industry to absorb. In fact, Mike Elgan who is the editor of Windows Magazine, says . . . the job could be concerns a sum of $ 600 billion to rectify. ( p. 1 ) The false belief that mainframes were the lone machines to be affected was short lived as industry realized that 60 to 80 million place and little concern users making math or accounting etc. on Windows 3.1 or older package, are merely as susceptible to this bug. Can this be repaired in clip? For some, it is already excessively late. A system that is devised to cut an one-year federal shortage to 0 by the twelvemonth 2002 is already in hot H2O. Data will go erroneous as the Numberss merely Don # 8217 ; t add up any longer. Some Personal computer proprietors can upgrade their computing machine # 8217 ; s BIOS ( or finish operating system ) and upgrade the OS ( runing system ) to Windows 95, this will put them up for another 99 old ages. Older package nevertheless, may really good hold to be replaced or at the really least, upgraded. The twelvemonth 2000 has become a double job. One is the inability of the computing machine to adapt to the MM/DD/YY issue, while the 2nd job is the reluctance to which we seem to be willing to turn to the impact it will hold. Most IS ( information system ) people are either unconcerned or unprepared. Let me give you a short return on the job we all are confronting. To salvage storage infinite -and possibly cut down the sum of key strokes necessary in order to come in the twelvemonth to date-most IS groups have allocated two figures to stand for the twelvemonth. For illustration, 1996 is stored as 96 in informations files and 2000 will be stored as 00. These two-digit day of the months will be on 1000000s of files used as input for 1000000s of applications. This two figure day of the month affects informations use, chiefly minuss and comparings. ( Jager, p. 1 ) For case, I was born in 1957. If I ask the computing machine to cipher how old I am today, it subtracts 57 from 96 and announces that I # 8217 ; m 39. So far so good. In the twelvemonth 2000 nevertheless, the computing machine will deduct 57 from 00 and state that I am -57 old ages old. This mistake will impact any computation that produces or uses clip spans, such as an involvement computation. Banker # 8217 ; s beware! ! ! Bringing the job closer to the home-front, allow # 8217 ; s analyze how the CAPS system is traveling to be affected. As CAPS is a many-sided system, I will concentrate on one country in peculiar, ISIS. ISIS ( Integrated Student Information System ) has the ability to acknowledge pupils, registry them, measure them, and maintain an academic history of each pupil ( classs, transcripts, transportation information, etc. ) inside of one system. This pupil information system has 100s and 100s of mentions to day of the months within it # 8217 ; s OS. This is a COBOL system accessing a ADABAS database. ADABAS is the file and file entree method used by ISIS to hive away pupil records on and recover them from. ( Shufelt, p.1 ) ADABAS has a set of regulations for puting up keys to specify which record to entree and what type of action ( read, compose, delete ) is to be performed. The day of the months will hold to hold centuries appended to them in order to stay right. Their ( CAPS ) hole is to alter the codification in the Procedure Division ( utilizing 30 as the cutoff gt ; 30 century = 19 lt ; 30 century = 20 ) . In other words, if the twelvemonth in inquiry is greater than 30 ( gt ; 30 ) so it can be assumed that you are mentioning to a twelvemonth in the twentieth century and a 19 will be moved to the century field. If the twelvemonth is less than 30 ( lt ; 30 ) so it will travel a 20 to the century field. If perfectly necessary, ISIS will add a field and a superdescriptor index in order to maintain record retrieval in the order that the plan codification expects. The current compiler at CAPS will non work beyond the twelvemonth 2000 and will hold to be replaced. The impermanent hole ( Kludge ) merely discussed ( lt ; 30 or gt ; 30 ) will let ISIS to run until the twelvemonth 2030, when they hope to hold replaced the current system by so. For those of you with your ain place computing machines, allow # 8217 ; s acquire up near and personal. This job will impact you every bit good! Up to 80 % of all personal Personal computers will neglect when the twelvemonth 2000 arrives. More than 80,000,000 Personal computers will be shut down December 31, 1999 with no jobs. On January 1, 2000, some 80,000,000 Personal computers will travel belly up! ( Jager, p. 1 ) These computing machines will believe the Berlin Wall is still standing and that Nixon was merely elected President! There is nevertheless, a trial that you can execute in order to see if you are on of the lucky minority that do non hold a job with the twelvemonth 2000 impacting their Personal computer. First, put the day of the month on your computing machine to December 31, 1999. Following, put the clip to 23:58 hours ( if you use a 24 hr clock ( Zulu clip ) ) or 11:58 p.m. for 12 hr redstem storksbills. Now, Power Off the computing machine for at least 3 to 5 proceedingss. Note: ( It is appropriate at this clip to express whatever mantras or spiritual chants you feel may be good to your mind ) . Following, Power On the computing machine, and look into your clip and day of the month. If it reads January 1, 2000 and about a minute or two past midnight, take a breath a suspiration of alleviation, your OS is free from the twelvemonth 2000 bug. If nevertheless, your computing machine gives you incorrect information, such as my ain Personal computer did ( March 12, 1945 at 10:22 ante meridiem ) welcome to the overpowering bulk of the population that has been found infected. All applications, from spreadsheets to electronic mail, will be adversely affected. What can you make? Possibly you can replace your computing machine with one that is Year 2000 compatible. Is the job in the RTC ( Real Time Clock ) , the BIOS, the OS? Even if you fix the hardware job, is all the package you use traveling to do the passage safely or is it traveling to pervert as good? ! The replies to these inquiries and others like them are non answerable with a yes or a no. For one thing, the prima experts in the computing machine universe can non hold that there is even a job, allow entirely discourse the magnitude upon which it will impact society and the concern universe. CNN correspondant Jed Duvall illustrates another possible job scenario. Suppose an person on the East Coast, at 2 proceedingss after midnight in New York City on January 1, 2000 decides to tag the twelvemonth and the century by naming a friend in California, where because of the clip zone difference, it is still 1999. With the current constellations in the phone company computing machines, the NewYorker will be billed from 00 to 99, a phone call some 99 old ages long! ! ! ( p. 1 ) What if you deposit $ 100 into a nest eggs account that pays 5 % involvement yearly. The following twelvemonth you decide to shut your history. The bank computing machine figures your $ 100 was at that place for one twelvemonth at 5 % involvement, so you get $ 105 back, simple plenty. What happens though, if you don # 8217 ; Ts take your money out before the twelvemonth 2000? The computing machine will re-do the computation precisely the same manner. Your money was in the bank from # 8216 ; 95 to # 8216 ; 00. That # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; 00 subtraction # 8216 ; 95, which peers a negative 95 ( -95 ) . That # 8217 ; s -95 old ages at 5 % involvement. That # 8217 ; s a small spot more than $ 10,000, and because of the subtraction mark, it # 8217 ; s traveling to deduct that sum from your history. You now owe the bank $ 9,900. Make I hold your attending yet? ? ! ! There is no industry that is immune to this job, it is a cross-platform job. This is a job that will impact Personal computers, minis, and mainframes. There are no speedy holes or what everyone refers to as the Silver Bullet. The Silver Bullet is the nomenclature used to stand for the creative activity of an automatic hole for the Yk2 job. There are two major jobs with this doctrine. First, there are excessively many variables from hardware to package of different types to think that a cure-all can be found that will make an all-embracing type of hole. Second, the outlook of the general population that there is such a hole or that one can be created instead rapidly and easy, is making state of affairss where people are seting off turn toing the job due to reliance on the panacea. The . . . certain person will repair it. type attitude pervades the industry and the population, doing this job more serious than it already is. ( Jager, p. 1 ) Peoples really think that there is a plan that you can get down running on Friday dark. . . everybody goes home, and Monday forenoon the job has been fixed. Cipher has to make anything else, the Yk2 job poses no more menace, it has been solved. To cite Peter de Jager, Such a tool, would be fantastic. Such a tool, would be deserving Billions of dollars. Such a tool, is a na ve pipe dream. Could person come near? Not really. . . Could something cut down this job by 90 % ? I don # 8217 ; t believe so. Could it cut down the job by 50 % ? Possibly. . . but I still don # 8217 ; t believe so. Could it cut down the work load by 30 % ? Quite likely. ( p. 2 ) Tools are available, but are merely tools, non cures or speedy holes. How will this affect society and the industry in 2000? How stable will package design companies be as more and more rivals offer immense inducements for people to leap ship and come work for them on their jobs! ? Cash flow jobs will set people out of concern. Computer coders will do large vaulting horses from now until 2000, as demand additions for their expertness. What about liability issues that arise because company A reneged on a trade because of a computing machine bug. Sue! Sue! Sue! What about ATM lockups, or recognition card failures, medical exigencies, downed phone systems. This is a broad spread scenario because the Yk2 job will impact all these elements and more. As is obvious, the dimensions to this challenge are evident. Given society # 8217 ; s trust on computing machines, the failure of the systems to run decently can intend anything from minor incommodiousnesss to major jobs: Licenses and permits non issued, paysheet and societal service cheques non cut, forces, medical and academic records misfunctioning, mistakes in banking and finance, accounts non paid or received, stock list non maintained, weapon systems malfunctioning ( frisson! ) , constitutional services non provided, and so on, and so on, and so on. Still think you # 8217 ; ll be unaffected. . . extremely improbable. This job will impact calculations which calculate age, kind by day of the month, comparison day of the months, or execute some other type of specialised undertaking. The Gartner Group has made the undermentioned estimates: At $ 450 to $ 600 per affected computing machine plan, it is estimated that a medium size company will spend from $ 3.6 to $ 4.2 million to do the package transition. The cost per line of codification is estimated to be $ .80 to $ 1. VIASOFT has seen plan transition cost rise to $ 572 to $ 1,204. ANDERSEN CONSULTING estimates that it will take them more than 12,000 working yearss to rectify its bing applications. Yellow CORPORATION estimates it will pass about 10,000 working yearss to do the alteration. Estimates for the rectification of this job in the United States entirely is upward of $ 50 to $ 75 Billion dollars. ( ITAA, p. 1 ) Is it possible to extinguish the job? Probably non, but we can do the passage much drum sander with cooperation and the right attack. Companies and authorities bureaus must understand the nature of the job. Unfortunately, the disbursement you find for new package development will non be found in Yk2 research. Ignoring the obvious is non the manner to attack this job. To presume that the job will be corrected when the system is replaced can be a dearly-won misjudgment. Precedences change, development agendas slip, and system constituents will be reused, doing the job to be even more widespread. Correcting the state of affairs may non be so hard as it will be clip devouring. For case, the Social Security Administration estimates that it will pass 300 man-years happening and rectifying these day of the month mentions in their information systems # 8211 ; systems stand foring a sum of 30 million lines of codification. ( ITAA, p. 3 ) Common sense dictates that a comprehensive transition program be developed to turn to the more immediate maps of an organisation ( such as bills, wage benefits, collect revenue enhancements, or other critical organisation maps ) , and continue from at that place to finish turn toing the less critical facets of operation. Some of the machine-controlled tools may aid to advance the fix of the systems, such as in: * line by line impact analysis of all day of the month mentions within a system, both in footings of informations and processs ; * undertaking cost estimating and mold ; * designation and listing of affected locations ; * redacting support to do the existent alterations required ; * alteration direction ; * and proving to verify and formalize the changed system. ( ITAA, p. 3 ) Clock simulators can run a system with a fake clock day of the month and can utilize applications that append or produce mistakes when the twelvemonth 2000 arrives while day of the month finders search across applications on specific day of the month standards, and browsers can assist users execute big volume codification review. Equally good as all these automated tools are, there are NO Silver Bullets out at that place. There are no speedy holes. It will take old fashioned work-hours by forces in order to do this rollover smooth and efficient. Another country to look at are the deductions for public wellness information. Public wellness information and surveillance at all degrees of local, province, federal, and international public wellness are particularly sensitive to and dependent upon day of the months for epidemiological ( survey of disease happening, location, and continuance ) and wellness statistics grounds. The day of the month of events, continuance between events, and other computations such as age of people are core epidemiologic and wellness statistic demands. ( Seligman, p. 1 ) Along with this, public wellness governments are normally dependent upon the primary informations suppliers such as physician patterns, research labs, infirmaries, managed attention organisations, and out-patient centres etc. , as the beginning for original informations upon which public wellness determinations are based. The CDC ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ) for illustration, maintains over 100 public wellness surveillance systems all of which are dependant upon external beginnings of informations. ( Issa, p. 5 ) This fundamentally means that it is non traveling to be sufficient to do the internal systems compliant to the twelvemonth 2000 in order to turn to all of the branchings of this issue. To exemplify this point, see the following scenario: in April 2000, a infirmary sends an electronic surveillance record to the local or province wellness section describing the decease of an person who was born in the twelvemonth 00 ; is this traveling to be a instance of infant mortality or a geriatric instance? ? Finally, allow # 8217 ; s expression at one of the largest package fabrication corporations and see what the deductions of the twelvemonth 2000 will be for Microsoft merchandises. Microsoft states that Windows 95 and Windows NT are capable of back uping day of the months up until the twelvemonth 2099. They besides make the statement nevertheless: It is of import to observe that when short, false day of the months ( mm/dd/yy ) are entered, it is impossible for the computing machine to state the difference between a twenty-four hours in 1905 and 2005. Microsoft # 8217 ; s merchandises, that assume the twelvemonth from these short day of the months, will be updated in 1997 to do it easier to presume a 2000-based twelvemonth. As a consequence, Microsoft recommends that by the terminal of the century, all Personal computer package be upgraded to versions from 1997 or subsequently. ( Microsoft, p. 1 ) PRODUCT NAME DATE LIMIT DATE FORMAT Microsoft Access 95 1999 assumed yy day of the months Microsoft Access 95 9999 long day of the months ( yyyy ) Microsoft Access ( following version ) 2029 assumed yy day of the months Microsoft Excel 95 2019 assumed yy day of the months Microsoft Excel 95 2078 long day of the months ( yyyy ) Microsoft Excel ( following version ) 2029 assumed yy day of the months Microsoft Excel ( following version ) 9999 long day of the months ( yyyy ) Microsoft Project 95 2049 32 spots Microsoft SQL Server 9999 datetime MS-DOS ( R ) file system ( FAT16 ) 2099 16 spots Ocular C++ ( R ) ( 4.x ) runtime library 2036 32 spots Ocular FoxPro 9999 long day of the months ( yyyy ) Windows 3.x file system ( FAT16 ) 2099 16 spots Windows 95 file system ( FAT16 ) 2099 16 spots Windows 95 file system ( FAT32 ) 2108 32 spots Windows 95 runtime library ( WIN32 ) 2099 16 spots Windows for Workgroups ( FAT16 ) 2099 16 spots Windows NT file system ( FAT16 ) 2099 16 spots Windows NT file system ( NTFS ) hereafter centuries 64 spots Windows NT runtime library ( WIN32 ) 2099 16 spots Microsoft farther states that its development tools and database direction systems provide the flexibleness for the user to stand for day of the months in many different ways. Proper preparation of developers to utilize day of the month formats that accommodate the passage to the twelvemonth 2000 is of the uttermost importance. For informational intents, I have included a chart that represents the more popular Microsoft merchandises, their day of the month bounds, and day of the month formats. ( Chart on old page ) ( Microsoft, p. 3 ) So. . . is everyone affected? Apparently non. In talking with the proprietors of St. John Valley Communications, an Internet-Access supplier based in Fort Kent, they are thirstily expecting the coming of 2000. They, Alan Susee and Dawn Martin had plenty foresight to do sure that when they purchased their equipment and related package, that it would wholly be twelvemonth 2000 compliant. It can be done, as evidenced by this hardworking twosome of persons. The key is to acquire informed and to remain informed. Effect the alterations you can now, and expression to redress the one # 8217 ; s that you can # 8217 ; t. The twelvemonth 2000 will be a shocker and thriller for many concerns, but St. John Valley Communications seem to hold it under control and are keeping their partry chapeaus in one manus and the mouse in the other. As is evidently clear from the information presented, Yk2 is a job to be reckoned with. The broad runing systems ( OS ) and package on the market lend acceptance to the thought that a silver slug hole is a pipe dream in the extreme. This is non nevertheless, an unsurmountable job. Efficient preparation and design is needed, every bit good as a battalion of man-hours to consequence the fixs needed to squelch the branchings and reverberations that will necessarily occur without intercession from within. The sit back and delay for a cure-all attack will non work, nor is it even imaginable that some people ( IS people ) with advanced cognition to the contrary, would purchase into this propaganda of slow technological decease. To misquote an old proverb, The clip for action was 10 old ages ago. Whatever may go on, January 1, 2000 will be a really interesting clip for some, a alleviation for others. . . and a nitrile capsule for the shirkers. What will you make now that you are better informed? Hopefully you will consequence the necessary fixs and go through the word to the others who may be taking this a small excessively lightly. It may non be a affair of life or decease, but it certainly as heck could intend your occupation and fiscal future.WORKS CITEDElgan, Mike. Experts deplore the denial of 2000 bug . Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com/2000. ( 31 October 1996 ) .Jager, Peter de. DOOMSDAY. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.year2000.com/doom ( 2 November 1996 ) . * Believe me it # 8217 ; s existent! Early Warning. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.year2000.com ( 4 November 1996 ) . * Biting the Silver Bullet. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.year2000.com/bullet ( 2 November 1996 ) .Shufelt, Ursula. Yk2. Ursula @ maine.maine.edu. ( 7 November 1996 ) .Duvall, Jed. The twelvemonth 2000 does non calculate. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cnn.com/news ( 3 November 1996 ) .ITAA. The Year 2000 Software Conversion: Issues and Observations. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.itaa.org/yr2000-1.htm ( 7 November 1996 ) .Seligman, James A ; Issa, Nabil. The Year 2000 Issue: Deductions for Public Health Information and Surveillance Systems. Hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/year2000.htm ( 9 November 1996 ) .Microsoft. Deductions of the Year 2000 on Microsoft Products. Hypertext transfer protocol: //army.mil/army-yk2/articles/y2k.htm ( 9 November 1996 ) .

Against and Grey Area free essay sample

Yet So Colorful To truly understand why gay marriage is a pressing issue, understanding both arguments is a must. The argument across the nation is, are you for or against allowing legally recognized marriage between homosexuals to co-exist with that of heterosexual marriages? Yet should same sex marriage be legalized throughout the entire United States? It is a topic of great disagreement among many people, and is discussed in many presidential debates. Tolerance is a word that should be used in all three of our writings, yet for this neutral approach towards same sex marriage tolerance is a perfect word. A definition of tolerance is: The ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with. (New Oxford American Dictionary; New York 2001). In this case, tolerance would refer to being tolerant towards those who are for same sex marriage and those who are against same sex marriage. Tolerance is one of the most basic reasons people have immigrated to the United States. Equality and tolerance are needed, for it is our birthright as Americans. Tolerance is a word that is used in The Constitution, The Declaration of Independence, The Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King’s famous speech. As much as I am emotionally supportive of same sex marriage, I do believe that as Americans we must give everyone the freedom to believe what they wish, as long as it is not hurting anyone. Therefore those who disagree with same sex marriage have as much right to disagree with gay marriage as those who are for gay marriage or wish to marry some one of the same sex. Tolerance and equal rights are two major reasons so many immigrants from all over the world selected the United States for their home. These three quotations from famous yet well-respected Americans help to point out values that are important to American society. â€Å"We will only attain freedom if we learn to appreciate what is different, and muster the courage to discover what is fundamentally the same. America’s diversity offers so much richness and opportunity. Take a chance, won’t you? Knock down the fences which divide. – Justice Thurgood Marshall The highest result of education is tolerance. † – Helen Keller, Optimism (1903) â€Å"Laws alone cannot secure freedom of expression; in order that every man present his views without penalty there must be spirit of tolerance in the entire population. † – Albert Einstein So tolerance toward anyone and their beliefs whether you agree or disagree is the correct approach. Homosexuals have the right to express themselves in the same way that heterosexuals express themselves. We all have equality and must be tolerant of each other. Like the vast majority of Americans, I’ve opposed same sex marriage, but I’ve also opposed unjust discrimination against anyone, for racial or religious reasons, or for sexual preference. Americans are a tolerant, generous, and kind people. We all oppose bigotry and disparagement. But the debate over same sex marriage is not a debate over tolerance. It is a debate about the purpose of the institution of marriage and it is a debate about activist judges who make up the law rather than interpret the law. Mitt Romney 12/14/2006 National Review Online In this quote, Mitt Romney argues that Americans recognize marriage as a partnership between man and woman. He states that the creation and development of the next generation is at stake with same sex couples. On the other side of the spectrum gay rights activists argue that marriage should be universal with no boundaries. Gay people (men and men and women and women) should have the same ability to marry just like their heterosexual counterparts men and women. Many gay people claim that not allowing gays to marry is a hate crime. They say it is exactly the same as discriminating against race or religious preference. Thomas Jefferson uses the Declaration of Independence to elaborate on the rights of a government. His idea of equality is closely related to the concept that, because all men are equal, the government’s power is based on â€Å"the consent of the governed,† not by its own arbitrary whims or motives. Today, America is one of the most culturally diverse nations in the world. Given this, the importance of tolerance in the government has great importance at present. The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that a ban on gay marriage was unconstitutional, and in the opinion stated that: â€Å"government attorneys failed to identify any constitutionally adequate reason to deny them [gay couples] the right. † This was a very important and groundbreaking ruling. It opened the doors for more states to legalize same sex marriage. It is important for heterosexual people to be tolerant towards homosexuals and their legal right to ask for same sex marriage. It is also important for gay people to respect, be patient and tolerant of heterosexual that do not believe in same sex marriage. Perhaps with tolerance and understanding from both parties more acceptances of each other’s differences will be reached. Change is constant yet does take time. It is scary yet change must happen before we pass judgments. Alex Snyder 9/27/12 C. Dowling Engl. 100 The Wrong Choice, Vote Yes For the Two thousand years of this countries rich history, homosexuality was considered a sin and bad enough to ban, with many state laws prohibiting sodomy. Then in the 2003 Lawrence VS Texas case, The Supreme court ruled in favor of homosexuality and for the laws to be taken away. As the article I read stated, suddenly, homosexuality was not bad enough to prohibit and now, we have to permit it. Homosexuality is bad for the economy and the people of the United States of America and it should be against the law to act in a homosexual manner. My first argument is that a child a gay couple raises may grow up to be shunned by others even in fact alienated by the society they live in. Gay couples raising children cannot give or meet the child’s needs that many heterosexual couples can. Children feel alienated or embarrassed when in public with their homosexual parents. Many homosexual relationships end very badly. Homosexual relationships have a higher break up rate or â€Å"divorce† rate than heterosexual couples. These couples indoctrinate their children from day one on this earth by accepting homosexual relationships as equivalent and the norm. Further more adoption in the homosexual relationship will make the child a trophy, which in effect, validates homosexual relationships. Allowing same sex marriage validates homosexual relationships. My second point is that of taxes, taxes kill me on a day-to-day basis, and I am sure I am not alone. Income taxes will increase in order to make up for the marriage tax benefits given to homosexual couples. As well as paying for social costs resulting from illegitimacy increases. Do you believe Homosexual couples should get the same benefits from raising a child as a man and women raising a child should? Further more social security taxes would increase in order to pay enefits of losing a significant other, such as â€Å"widows† and â€Å"widowers†. Not to mention medical insurance premiums will be at an all time high if gay marriage is allowed because we have to offset the health care costs that go along with homosexual behavior such as (AIDS, hepatitis, Colon Cancer, and other diseases) these homosexual acts will likely be more validated and will likely increase if same sex marriage is approved. Homosexual supporters may say, â€Å"It isn’t hurting anyone† When in theory it is hurting everyone. They could also say something along the lines of â€Å" If I want to behave a certain way, it is my right† when It may be your right, but that does not mean society as a whole is going to endorse and support your choices. Homosexuality will tear this country apart. Hurting our generations to come by indoctrinating our children and our children’s children, but also hurt you and our country as a whole. Alex Snyder 10/7/12 C. Dowling Engl. 100 Gay Marriage: A 21st Century Prejudice Isn’t it good for society to have couples that are in love and are committed to one another regardless of sexual orientation? Furthermore people who love one another create good in there own lives and for people around them. For example I have had the rare opportunity to have two gay couples in my family. My great uncle Bill and his boyfriend uncle Paul were in love and together for over 40 years. They were monogamous and married in their hearts and minds for over 40 years. They taught my siblings, my cousins and I how to sail, cook and love your partner unconditionally through the good times and the bad times. They could never legally be married. The unfortunate consequence of the two never being able to marry occurred when my uncle Bill died this year. Our uncle Paul is unable to support himself because unlike a wife he cannot receive his partner social security benefits and veteran health insurance benefits even though he cared for our uncle Bill for 10 years when he was a quadriplegic. Another example is my step cousin Sylvia and her partner Katherine. They have been together for 20 years. They live in Vermont. They were able to get married. They now have 2 children. Katherine and Sylvia are protected legally and financially through their marriage. They love each other and are committed to being each other’s spouse and being loving parents to their two heterosexual children. They love their children and will support their daughter and son to be the best citizens they can be. Their sexual preference is unimportant. These couples are two examples of how same-sex marriage can be successful. So is necessary to protect the partner if death or illness occurs. For example if a gay person is hospitalized and they are not married to their partner. Their partner is not allowed in the hospital room because they are not family. If their partner dies and they are not married they cannot receive their partners social security benefits but a legal spouse can receive their husband or wife’s benefits. This unequal playing field is sad and emotionally unappealing. With the divorce rate being over 60% and with the suicide rate being so high there should be absolutely no shame or judgment in being with the person you truly love. I might sound like a romanticist yet it may make the world a happier place with everyone being so equal and on the same ground, giving way for more tolerance and love to be expressed.

Early Sexualisation and Media Influence

Parents have always been wary of the interaction between their children and the media. These suspicions are always founded on the fact that parents do their best to instill leadership qualities on their children. Today’s media seems to undermine this goal through blatant sexualisation of young adults. The effects of this sexualisation are more severe in girls than they are on boys. Several bodies and organizations have taken note of this trend including journalist organizations, psychologists, and parent organizations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Early Sexualisation and Media Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has also been noted that this trend is on the rise and its effects are becoming more harmful especially to the young girls. Sexualisation refers to â€Å"when a person’s value comes only from her/his sexual appeal or behavior, to the exclusion of other characteristics, and when a person is sexually objectified, for instance, made into a thing for another’s sexual use† (Egan 300). Previously, several research projects have been undertaken with the view of unraveling how the media takes part in the sexualisation of young girls. This type of research is mostly commissioned by developmental psychologists, parent organizations, among other stakeholders. This paper explores how media influence contributes to early sexualisation of girls and some effects of this sexualisation. Almost all forms of media have the potential to engage in the promotion of early sexualisation of young girls. These media outlets might include â€Å"television, music videos, music lyrics, movies, magazines, sports media, video games, the Internet, and digital advertising† (Vares, Jackson and Gill 144). Some of these media forms such as teen-themed magazines and teen-themed television shows have a closer proximity to young girls. Virtually every study that ha s been conducted on the subject of sexualisation reveals that girls are usually on the receiving end of this practice. Examples of sexualisation in the media include portrayal of young girls dressed in skimpy clothes and young girls posing in suggestively. Another example of sexualisation is in situations where young girls are â€Å"objectified or used as decorative objects or as body parts rather than whole persons† (Lerum and Dworkin 254). The media also influences early sexualisation by over emphasizing unrealistic beauty standards to be used as templates by young girls. Media-initiated sexualisation often appeals to several aspects of a young girl’s life such as mode of dressing, mode of accessorizing, and choice in dolls. In American media, there are famous examples of media sexualisation. For instance, â€Å"the naughty and nice advertisement that featured pop star Christina Aguilera dressed as a schoolgirl in pigtails, with her shirt unbuttoned, licking a lolli pop† (Merskin 123). This particular advertisement sought to correlate young girls and sexual appeal.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This would translate to early sexualisation because Aguilera’s mode of dressing portrayed a girl of approximately eleven years. Young girls often have a deep connection with their dolls. Barbie is the most famous doll of all time and her portrayal in the media amounts to early sexualisation. Barbie is often portrayed as a skimpily dressed young girl. Some of the items of clothing that are supported by the media are sometimes inappropriate and misplaced. For example, most magazines and clothing catalogues advertise, â€Å"thongs for girls aged 7 to 10 years with suggestive slogans such as wink-wink† (Jackson and Vares 140). Traditionally, sex-themed fashion shows were reserved for adult females. However, today, fashion shows that are reserved for girls under the age of 12 can be sex-themed. Sexual development among girls is consistent with other factors. Every stage of development in a girl coincides with a certain gender identity (Attwood 78). The media constantly promotes a young girls’ mode of dressing that coincides with that of adult females. The clothes are originally designed for adult women but they are then passed on to young girls. Therefore, the lack of physical maturity that is necessary for the young girls to fit into the clothes designed for older women is often ignored. Other times the attempt to force these items of clothing on young girls is awkward. This form of early sexualisation might promote an identity crisis on the young girls (Collins 295). The media is not the only entity that takes part in early sexualisation of young girls. However, the media takes its cue from other aspects of the society. A study conducted in the UK found out that the media takes advantage of the you ng girls’ interactions with their peer, teachers, and parents (Danielle and Hawkes 313). For instance, parents usually instill the belief that maintaining youth and beauty is the most important activity for women. In today’s society, some parents go as far as suggesting plastic surgery for their young daughters. Other research studies have revealed that teachers can promote stereotypes that the media can use to perpetuate early sexualisation. These stereotypes usually involve profiling the onset of sexual behaviors in accordance with race. Nevertheless, one of the most important tools that the media uses when promoting early sexualisation is peer influence (Bragg 284). Young girls often try to conform to the standards that are set by their peers such as thinness and fashion-sense. The media can also capitalize on the influence young boys have on young girls when perpetuating early sexualisation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Early Sexu alisation and Media Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Early sexualisation of young girls can be realized through various forms. Some of these realizations can be direct influences of the media. When a young girl buys an item of clothing or an accessory that is meant to make her sexually appealing, it is a manifestation of early sexualisation. Another manifestation of early sexualisation is when a young girl dresses or acts like her favorite ‘sexy’ celebrity. Various studies cite the media as the main driver of early sexualisation (Slater and Tiggemann 47). Therefore, it is important to note that changes within the media could have a significant impact on early sexualisation of girls. There are several documented effects of early sexualisation among girls. Psychologists have explored how early sexualisation could affect the young girl’s well-being. Most psychologists acknowledge that early sexualisation can influence a girl’s cognitive, mental, and sexual well-being. One of the known effects of early sexualisation is self-objectification. This effect can interfere with a girl’s cognitive abilities therefore hampering her mathematical or logical reasoning abilities (Machia and Lamb 18). Current research also shows a direct relationship between early sexualisation and mental health shortcomings among women including eating disorders, depression, and low self-esteem issues (Stice and Agras 271). The ability to develop a healthy sexuality in girls can also be affected by exposure to early sexualisation. The society is also bound to feel the effects of early sexualisation. The effects of early sexualisation can be countered in several ways. Most of the earlier studies on the subject had focused on adult women. It is important for future studies to focus more on the cultural aspects of early sexualisation (Attwood 90). The listed forms of media sexualisation indicate that this trend is on the rise. It is up to all the involved stakeholders to get a hold of this trend before it escalates to unmanageable proportions. Works Cited Attwood, Feona. â€Å"Sexed up: Theorizing the sexualization of culture.† Sexualities 9.1 (2006): 77-94. Jstor. Web. Bragg, Sara. â€Å"Too much, too soon? Children, ‘sexualization’ and consumer culture.†Ã‚  Sex Education 11.3 (2011): 279-292. JournalSeek. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Collins, Rebecca. â€Å"Content analysis of gender roles in media: Where are we now and where should we go?.† Sex Roles 64.3-4 (2011): 290-298. Jstor. Web. Danielle, Egan, and Gail Hawkes. â€Å"Girls, sexuality and the strange carnalities of advertisements: Deconstructing the discourse of corporate paedophilia.† Australian feminist studies 23.57 (2008): 307-322. Jstor. Web. Egan, Daniel. â€Å"Endangered girls and incendiary objects: Unpacking the discourse on sexualization.† Sexuality culture 12.4 (2008): 291-311. Web. Jackson, Sue, and Tiina Vares. â€Å"Media â€Å"sluts†:â€Å"Tween† girls’ negotiations of postfeminist sexual subjectivities in popular culture.† New femininities: Postfeminism, neoliberalism and subjectivity 23.2 (2011): 134-146. JournalSeek. Web. Lerum, Kari, and Shari Dworkin. â€Å"â€Å"Bad girls rule†: An interdisciplinary feminist commentary on the report of the APA Task Force on the sexualization of girls.† Journal of Sex Research 46.4 (2009): 250-263. Jstor. Web. Machia, Marty, and Sharon Lamb. â€Å"Sexualized Innocence.† Journal of Media  Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications 21.1 (2009): 15-24. JournalSeek. Web. Merskin, Debra. â€Å"Reviving Lolita? A media literacy examination of sexual portrayals of girls in fashion advertising.† American Behavioral Scientist 48.1 (2004): 119-129. Web. Slater, Amy, and Marika Tiggemann. â€Å"Body image and disordered eating in adolescent girls and boys: A test of objectification theory.† Sex roles 63.2 (2010): 42-49. Web. Stice, Eric, and Stewart Agras. â€Å"Exposure to media-portrayed thin-ideal images adversely affects vulnerable girls: A longitudinal experiment.† Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 20.3 (2001): 270-288. JournalSeek. Web. Vares, Tiina, Sue Jackson, and Rosalind Gill. â€Å"Preteen girls read ‘tween’ popular culture: Diversity, complexity and contradic tion.† International Journal of Media Cultural Politics 7.2 (2011): 139-154. Jstor. Web. This research paper on Early Sexualisation and Media Influence was written and submitted by user Jamar S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Communications Term Paper A Complete Guide

How to Write a Communications Term Paper A Complete Guide When assigned a communications term paper to write you are given an entire term to work out your topic, do research, find the necessary information and put the results in writing. It may seem like you have a lot of time to do it – but it is plenty of work as well. The writing alone is likely to take a lot of time (term papers are often 6000 words long, sometimes longer). A communications term paper should present a sufficient amount of original research, which means that you cannot fully rely on outside sources. If you are given this assignment to work as a part of a group, it may involve even more problems, because collaborating with other people is always more difficult than doing things on your own – you have to rely on others to do their parts of the job. As your term paper is going to be responsible for a significant portion of your grade, you should start paying attention to this job early on. These communications term paper tips will help you organize your efforts in the right direction. Choosing a Topic: Samples Ideas from Our Writers When you write an essay in college, the topic is usually assigned to you. With term papers, things are usually different – you choose the topic yourself, although with an input from your instructor. Ideally, you should talk things over with him and select something that will both be interesting for you and acceptable from his point of view – after all, your instructor has already seen dozens if not hundreds of students’ terms papers and knows which kinds of topics work and which do not. As you are going to spend an entire term writing this paper, don’t take this choice too lightly, lest you find out that with the topic you’ve selected you a bit more than you can chew and it is already too late to swap it for something else. Here are some recommendations that can help you: Look for something you have interest in. Firstly, you probably already know a fair amount about this subject and can save time you would otherwise spend digging for information. Secondly, the quality of one’s writing is always higher when one writes about something he is fascinated with. If you cannot think about a specific topic, try at least to delineate a general area you would like to explore (e.g., development of communication skills in children); Try using online academic oriented search engines (Refseek, PubMed, iSeek to name a few). Some of them are discipline-specific, others are general purpose, but all are useful both to search for sources of information and to have a look at the existing body of research on this or that topic. Looking through their results can help you find a topic that has a fair amount or research on it but still has bits you can dig in without repeating existing works; Once you’ve decided on the general area you want to cover, narrow your topic down to something more manageable. Don’t be overenthusiastic, though – too narrow a topic is just as bad as a too broad one, as you may find it difficult to find viable research dealing with it; Make sure that the topic you’ve settled down on contains a question (direct or implied one). The thing is, a communications term paper isn’t a comment on something or a description of an existing situation in the research on this or that topic. It is your original work, in which you study the situation on your own and present your findings – and findings are impossible if there weren’t any questions asked beforehand. Thus, â€Å"Body Language† isn’t a very good topic as it doesn’t contain a question. â€Å"The Role of Body Language in Successful Communication†, however, is a much better choice, because it implies one: Is body language important for successful communication? Talk your topic over with your instructor, and do it as early as possible to have an opportunity to research and choose another one if need be. Your instructor will be able to point out potential problems with your topic that you don’t see right now, and unless you are positive you can deal with them you should better listen to what he has to say – he has much more experience dealing with this sort of thing. Eventually, the topic you select should meet two basic criteria: be narrow enough to research it more or less exhaustively in your allotted word count and be broad enough to offer a sufficient research discourse to build upon. Here are some examples of what you may be looking for: Factors Influencing Development of Communication Skills in Children from Birth to Five Years of Age; Communication Apprehension in Group Videoconferencing; The Role of Technology in Human Communication in the Mobile Age; What Influences the Development of Conflict Resolution Skills in Children; Discourse Analysis of Everyday Speech. Gathering and Researching Sources One of the most important skills for a researcher in the field of communication is critical reading and analysis of the existing body of research. There are three basic reasons why it is so important: You won’t be able to produce a high-quality term paper with novel findings in your field if you don’t know the current research on the topic you’ve chosen; Critical analysis of the works by other researchers teaches you to notice strong and weak points in their argumentation – a skill you can successfully apply when reading your own work. Knowing where and how other people make mistakes will help you avoid them in your term paper and foresee potential counter-arguments to your reasoning; You should take every bit of information with a grain of salt – sources vary greatly in quality and veracity, and only prolonged experience in critical reading can teach you how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy ones. The quantity of sources doesn’t always translate into quality – don’t be tempted to use a source just to add an extra item to your page. If it (or, worse yet, a number of them) turns out to be low-quality, it can negatively affect the value of your entire term paper. If you’ve chosen your topic carefully, there should be more than enough viable sources for it, so don’t be greedy. Where to Look for Sources Here are some good places to start: The reference section of your textbook. Look through the reference section for the chapter dealing with the general research area you are writing about and see if there are any suitable sources there. You can repeat this trick with any other source you find; Reading list for your course. If you’ve selected a topic at all relevant to the course you are taking, you are likely to find some good specimens here; Online academic databases like JSTOR and EBSCO. They contain not just the titles of the books and articles but also a host of useful information on them, like when they were published, how many times they were referred to in peer-reviewed papers and so on. This data is an excellent indication of a source’s relative quality; Librarians and your instructor – ask those who work with sources on a regular basis. Chances are, they can offer you exactly what you need. How to Evaluate Sources As we’ve already stated, sources vary greatly in terms of usefulness and trustworthiness. In order to avoid relying too much on sources that can later turn out to be dubious, you should ask yourself the following questions before putting any trust into any of them: Is the author qualified? Is he a specialist in the field he is writing about? Does he have any relevant credentials to prove his qualification? Is it possible to get in touch with him to get a comment on his work? Does he have any other publications on the same or a close topic (look for them using several different search engines)? Is this person referred to by any other credible sources? Who published the source? What is the source of the publication? Does it have any sponsors or affiliations that may be interested in the one-sided presentation of the subject matter? Does the publisher take responsibility for the content it publishes? Is it possible that the author is biased in any way? Are there any signs of explicit or implicit bias? Is the author’s language emotional? Does the author belong to an organization that may have a biased view on the subject? What is the source’s purpose? Is it to inform or to persuade? Are the author’s methods sound and appropriate? Check the methodology page for possible inconsistencies or poorly chosen methods (taking the subject into account). Does the author provide sufficient data to prove his conclusions? Is there enough evidence to back up the author’s assumptions? Writing Introduction and Conclusion These two parts are written more or less the same as in any other academic writing assignment. The introduction states the problem, does its best to grasp the reader’s attention and smoothly leads on to the thesis statement. The conclusion sums up the paper, states whether the initial hypothesis was proved or disproved and clarifies whether any subsequent research in this area is in order. Thesis Statement Thesis statement summarizes, in short, the main point of your communication term paper. The main things to consider here are as follows: It should be short – usually one sentence, no more than two; It should contain a single most important point of your paper. What do you try to prove? What is the main finding of your term paper? It should be definite – no ambiguities, no vagueness. Body Paragraphs Communication term papers have a standard of writing every student has to follow. All paragraphs should be written in more or less the same fashion: first, you introduce the new point, then provide evidence to back it up (quotations, statistics, interviews, etc.), then deal with potential counter-arguments and finalize it by summarizing the point and connecting it back to the thesis statement; Be laconic. The fewer words you use, the better. If anything can be said shorter than it is, rewrite it this way. However, the key is to remain understandable – don’t strive for brevity for the sake of brevity, just trim the fat; Don’t use emotional language. What you write is a work of science, not fiction, there is no place for emotions, bias or anything else of the kind; Use quotations sparingly, especially direct ones. The words of other researchers, however well-reputed, aren’t considered sufficient evidence in science. You should focus on facts, statistical data and repeatable experiments and not on what other people say about them; Don’t use the first person in your writing. Phrases like ‘I think’ and ‘I believe’ are too personal and have no place in any research writing, writing on communication included. Revision You may be quite tired of your paper by the time you finish it, but the first draft never means the end of work – at least if you want to achieve good results. In order to produce a truly memorable communication term paper, you have to put it through revision. If possible, give yourself at least one full day to simply have a little rest from this work. You will be able to see your paper with fresh eyes and find more mistakes this way; Ask a friend or a peer for an opinion about your paper. Make sure to choose somebody who you can trust. Ask them if parts are connected logically, if all chapters of the paperwork as intended, if they have any more constructive criticism to impart; Read your term paper aloud. Quite often this allows you to notice flaws that remain hidden when presented in text form; Don’t be afraid of cutting whole paragraphs. More isn’t always better – if your paper works better without something, remove it, even if by itself it is a fascinating piece of information; Consult with your style guide and check if your paper complies with it. We hope that this communications term paper guide will help you prepare and write your next term paper – good luck!

Heinekens Internal Processes,Mission and Vision Research Paper

Heinekens Internal Processes,Mission and Vision - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that despite its origin in Dutch, Heineken has made a significant presence in the two Americas, owing to the massive business opportunities in the region. The company entered the American market and Latin America in the early 20th century following the slackening of regulations in the region. And in 2010, Heineken entered into strategic acquisitions of beer companies in the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. In the latter two countries, Heineken settled for FEMSA. The organization’s internal processes revolve around managing risks through effective control systems. These measures, according to the company, ease its identification of the risks for better interventions in order to realize its operational and pecuniary goals. In addition, these internal mechanisms enable the company’s operations to be in line with relevant laws and policies in the countries within the two Americas. The company relies on a system of control for prop er processing and release of financial statements. In light of these, Heineken’s internal control mechanisms form the central part of their internal management processes. Heineken is renowned for its push for quality of goods and financial restraint. The company encourages an entrepreneurial culture across organizational levels so as to obtain opportunities that foster continuity in terms of business development and creativity, whilst absorbing controlled risks. Heineken International argues that the carefully structured customized portfolio per country and the rigorous balance sheet depict the brewer’s risk appetite. Regardless, in competitive markets like North America’s and emerging South America’s, achieving financial restraint where proper marketing expenditure pays out has been relatively counterproductive to Heineken.